ČASOPIS Moderní dějinyČasopis pro dějiny 19. a 20. století

Datum publikování: 2024

Autor: Dejmek, Jindřich

Abstrakt: The study follows the strain of Soviet politics on the “Polish question” in the years 1943–1945. At first Soviet leader Stalin seemed willing to reach a compromise with the Polish exile government in London, similar to relations with Benes’s exile administrative from Czechoslovakia. In relations between the USSR and Poland, there was a fundamental problem of borders, when Stalin demanded recognition of the annexation of the former eastern Polish territories, which were occupied by USSR in 1939. The position of the Polish government-in-exile, led from July 1943 by leader of Polish Peoples (agrarian) Party /PSL/ S. Mikolaczyk, also weakened the willingness of Britain and USA to accept such a transformation, which was fundamentally agreed upon at a summit of Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin in Tehran at the end of 1943. Subsequently, the text approximates the process, in which Stalin gradually realized the vision of the reconstruction of Poland according to his own plan as a de facto communist state dependent on the USSR. It included rebuilding the Polish workers’ party, building a relatively large Polish army in the USSR with Soviet officers, and gradually building a new powercenter, firstly s.c. Polish Committee of National liberation (PKWN) effectively controlled by the Communists, based initially in Lublin and later, from January 1945, in Warsaw. This committee, led formally by a little-known socialist Osóbka-Morawski, and backed by Soviet security forces, became the foundation of Poland’s next government, signing an allied treaty in April 1945 that integrated the restored Polish state into the gradually constructed Soviet bloc.

Rozsah stran: s. 95–140

Status recenzování: recenzovaný článek

Licence: Libre Open Access